KALII PERMANGANAS
Potassium permanganate
CAS: 7722-64-7
Molecular Formula: KMnO4
KALII PERMANGANAS - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Potassium permanganate |
| Synonyms | BETZ 0263 solosansoo C.I. 77755 purplesalt walkotablets KALII PERMANGANAS Potassium permanganate potassio(permanganatodi) potassium(permanganatede) Potassium permanganate [JAN] potassium oxido(trioxo)manganese potassium(permanganatede)(french) |
| CAS | 7722-64-7 |
| EINECS | 231-760-3 |
| InChI | InChI=1/K.Mn.4O/q+1;;;;;-1/rK.MnO4/c;2-1(3,4)5/q+1;-1 |
KALII PERMANGANAS - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | KMnO4 |
| Molar Mass | 158.033949 |
| Density | 1.01g/mLat 25°C |
| Melting Point | 240°C |
| Water Solubility | 6.4 g/100 mL (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | H2O: 0.1M at20°C, complete, violet |
| Vapor Presure | <0.01 hPa (20 °C) |
| Appearance | solution (volumetric) |
| Specific Gravity | 2.703 |
| Color | Purple |
| Merck | 14,7655 |
| PH | 8 (H2O, 20°C) |
| Storage Condition | Store at RT. |
| Stability | Stable, but contact with combustible material may cause fire. Substances to be avoided include reducing agents, strong acids, organic material, combustible materials, peroxides, alcohols and chemicall |
| Sensitive | Light Sensitive |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Red-purple orthorhombic crystal system, granular or needle-like crystals. Metallic luster. |
| Use | Used as an oxidant, bleach, beverage carbon dioxide concentrate, deodorant, wood preservative, adsorbent, disinfectant, insecticide, water purification agent |
KALII PERMANGANAS - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R8 - Contact with combustible material may cause fire R51/53 - Toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R22 - Harmful if swallowed R52/53 - Harmful to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R36/38 - Irritating to eyes and skin. R34 - Causes burns |
| Safety Description | S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S36 - Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. |
| UN IDs | UN 3082 9/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | SD6475000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 2841 61 00 |
| Hazard Class | 5.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in rats: 1.09 g/kg (Smyth) |
KALII PERMANGANAS - Upstream Downstream Industry
KALII PERMANGANAS - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
A dark purple or bronze-like crystal with metallic luster. Tasteless. About 240 °c decomposition; D2.7. Stable in air. Soluble in lye, soluble in 14.2 parts of cold water, 3.5 parts of boiling water. It is easy to fade in case of reducing agent. When alcohol, organic solvent or concentrated acid is decomposed to produce free oxygen. Chlorine gas was released in case of hydrochloric acid. With strong oxidation. Risk of combustion explosion when contacted or mixed with organic matter, reducing agents, and combustible materials. When glycerol was encountered, it was decomposed immediately and burned strongly. Can be decomposed by most reducing substances.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
KALII PERMANGANAS - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
The crude potassium permanganate dissolved in hot water, after filtration, cooling, Suction filtration crystallization, drying, you can.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:54
KALII PERMANGANAS - Use
Open Data Verified Data
Analysis of reagents, drop analysis of barium, silver, sulfate, iron, vanadium and tin, clinical exfoliative cell testing. Oxidation Reduction Method for the determination of reagents and for emission spectrometry.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:54
KALII PERMANGANAS - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LDso:1.09g/kg. Inhalation can cause respiratory tract damage. Splatters within the eyes, irritation of the conjunctiva, severe cases cause burns. Irritation of the skin, concentrated solution or crystals are corrosive to the skin. Staff should be well protected, if accidentally touch the eyes, should immediately rinse with a large amount of flowing water. The working environment should have good ventilation conditions. Store in a cool, ventilated warehouse. Keep away from fire and heat source. Pay attention to moisture and rain. Keep the container sealed. Should be stored separately from flammable, combustible materials, reducing agents, etc.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:55
KALII PERMANGANAS - Reference Information
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| strong oxidant | potassium permanganate is a strong oxidizing agent, commonly used in the laboratory and industry as an oxidant, sweet and astringent, soluble in water, the solution is purplish red, and is decomposed when ethanol is encountered. In acidic medium will be slowly decomposed into manganese dioxide and oxygen. Light has a catalytic effect on this decomposition, so it is often stored in brown bottles in the laboratory. From the elemental potential diagram and the oxidation state diagram of free energy, it can be seen that it has a very strong oxidation. In alkaline solution, its oxidation is not as strong as in acidic. When used as an oxidizing agent, the reduction product differs depending on the acidity and basicity of the medium. This product will release primary ecological oxygen and manganese dioxide when exposed to organic matter, without release of free oxygen atoms, so no bubbles appear. Early ecological oxygen sterilization, deodorization, detoxification effect, potassium permanganate antibacterial deodorant effect than hydrogen peroxide solution strong and lasting. Manganese dioxide can be combined with protein salt, convergence at low concentrations, high concentrations of stimulation and corrosion. Its bactericidal power increases with the increase of concentration, 0.1% can kill most bacterial propagules, 2%~ 5% solution can kill bacterial spores in 24 hours. Under acidic conditions can significantly improve the bactericidal effect, such as in 1% solution to add 1.1% hydrochloric acid, can kill anthrax spores in 30 seconds. 0.1% solution is commonly used for oral administration to treat forestomach relaxation in cattle and sheep, acute gastroenteritis in horses and other animals, Diarrhea, etc. Baby drink with 0.01% solution, 0.1% solution can be used to rinse the mucosa and skin wounds, ulcers and so on. 0.05% ~ 0.1% solution for oral gastric lavage, poisoning of certain organic compounds; 1% solution for venomous snake bite wound rinse. Whole fish pond: 4~5mg potassium permanganate solution per liter of water, Treatment of fish water mold and protozoa, crustaceans and other parasites. 100mg per liter of water concentration bath for 30 minutes, the treatment of salmon omalacia. Commonly used 0.1% ~ 0.12% solution Disinfection by Virus and bacterial contamination of the honeycomb. Potassium permanganate used in combination with formalin, can be used for livestock (poultry) houses, hatching room and other air fumigation Disinfection. |
| pharmacological effects | through the oxidation of the active groups of bacteria, sterilization, potassium permanganate can effectively kill a variety of bacterial propagules, fungi, mycobacterium tuberculosis; Can also inactivate hepatitis B Virus and spores, but the effect on spores requires a long time. Organic heating, in acid or alkaline conditions can accelerate the oxidation reaction. The oxidation reaction is different under different pH values, and it is reduced to colorless Divalent manganese compound in acidic solution; manganese dioxide and protein complexes that are reduced to Brown in neutral or alkaline solutions are precipitated. Low concentration has antibacterial, convergence, hemostasis, deodorization and other effects. High concentrations are irritant and corrosive. Its antibacterial effect is stronger than that of hydrogen peroxide. Clinically, it is mainly used for acute dermatitis or acute eczema (especially with secondary infection), cleaning ulcer or abscess, oral morphine, opioid, brucine or organic toxicant poisoning gastric lavage and snake bite emergency treatment. It is also used for Disinfection of fruits and tableware. Oral for Candida albicans infection, necrotizing gingivostomatitis, periodontal disease gargle or rinse. Potassium permanganate exposure to clothing will leave a brown trace, you can add oxalic acid in water rubbing can be removed. A series of gastrointestinal irritation symptoms may occur when taking potassium permanganate solution by mistake, such as oropharyngeal burning sensation, swelling, Nausea, Vomit, stomach pain, etc. When severe speech, swallowing and Dyspnea, Proteinuria may occur, the lethal dose was 10g. The solution should be freshly prepared, and the reduction will be ineffective if the time is a little longer. Should not be combined with reducing agents such as glycerol, iodine, sugar, etc., to prevent explosion. High concentrations are irritating to the skin. |
| different concentrations of solution Disinfection sterilization | potassium permanganate is a strong oxidant, also known as gray manganese oxygen, pp powder, at room temperature for the black purple with metallic luster of fine crystals, organic matter that oxidation, and thus not only can be Disinfection, can also deodorant, low concentration and convergence. Livestock and poultry drinking is often made up of 0.1% aqueous solution, used for gastric lavage and poison oxidation and detoxification. High concentration of solution on the tissue irritation and corrosion, 4% of the solution can be Disinfection of the feeding tank and other equipment. The use of its oxidation properties to accelerate the evaporation of formalin, can be used as air Disinfection, for the family must be commonly used Disinfection drugs. 1. Dark purple solution (about 0.3% concentration): Strong Oxidation, strong bactericidal ability. Can be used for Disinfection bath, sputum. 2. Purplish red solution (about 0.05% concentration): antipruritic, anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious use, can be used to wash the tinea pedis. 3. Rose Red solution (about 0.01% strength): Disinfection fruits and vegetables and tableware. Disinfection appliances, you can use 1: 1000 potassium permanganate powder for 15 minutes, then rinse clean with running water. Fruits and vegetables are contaminated with bacteria, with the concentration of the solution for 5 minutes can be sterilized, without changing the color and taste of fruits and vegetables. In the medical treatment, the concentration of the solution can be used to wash the mucosal area, such as hemorrhoids and the like. Anti-infection, itching, pain and other effects. 4. Light cherry red solution (about 0.002% concentration): can be used to gargle, prevent oral inflammation and dental caries, deodorant anti-inflammatory effect, help reduce the odor of axillary odor. It can also be used as an antidote. After drinking this concentration solution, press the throat with your finger to make it Vomit, and vomit the unabsorbed drug or poison, and the drug or poison remaining in the stomach is oxidized by potassium permanganate and ineffective. Note: the preparation of aqueous solution to use cold water, hot water will make its decomposition failure. The prepared aqueous solution can usually only be stored for about two hours, and when the solution becomes brown purple, Disinfection of the effect is lost. Therefore, it is best to be able to use with the same. |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | grams dissolved per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 2.83g/0 ℃;4.31g/10 ℃;6.34g/20 ℃;9.03g/30 ℃;12.6g/40 ℃ 22.1g/60 ℃ |
| content analysis | take sodium oxalate O0.3g pre-dried to constant weight at 105~110 ℃ (0.0002g), dissolve in 100ml of water, add 6mL of 1:1 sulfuric acid solution. Another test bar 3.3g (0.0002g) was dissolved in water and the volume was set to ML (Brown volumetric flask). Take the supernatant in The burette, first drop 38ml sample solution in Sodium oxalate solution, heated to 70~75 °c, continue to drop until the solution is pink and 30s does not fade as the end point. At the same time, a blank test was performed to correct the results. KMnO4 (%) = W × 0.4717/G × V1-V2/V3 × 100 where W-mass of Sodium oxalate taken, g;G-sample volume, g; v1 -- Volume of sample liquid consumed during titration of Sodium oxalate, ml;V2 -- Volume of sample liquid consumed in blank test, ml;V3 -- total volume of sample liquid, ml;0.4717 -- 1g of sodium oxalate equivalent to the mass of potassium permanganate, g. The difference between the above parallel determination results should not be greater than 0.2%. |
| toxicity | has a stimulating effect on the eyes, can stimulate the mucosa, Eye Media coloring. Such as Splash, should be quickly to the eye drops 1% hydrogen peroxide and 1% acetic acid, can make the color of the eye medium fade. See manganese metal for others. |
| usage limit | GB 2760-96: wine, starch, 0.5g/kg. Wine residues (Mn) less than or equal to 0.002g/kg is still used for the manufacture of saccharin, vitamin C, benzoic acid and other products of the oxidant. A refined preparation of carbon dioxide for beverages. |
| uses | uses as oxidants, bleaching agents, refined preparations of carbon dioxide for beverages, deodorants, wood preservatives, adsorbents, disinfectants, pesticides, as bleaching agent, oxidant and disinfectant, China can be used for the production of starch and wine, the maximum use of 0.5g/kg, wine residues (Manganese) should not exceed 0.002g/kg. in the production of chemicals, widely used as oxidants, such as used as saccharin, vitamin C, isoniazid and benzoic acid oxidant; In medicine used as preservatives, disinfectants, deodorants and antidotes; in water purification and wastewater treatment, as a water treatment agent to oxidize hydrogen sulfide, phenol, iron, manganese and organic, inorganic and other pollutants to control odor and decolorization; In gas purification, it can remove trace sulfur, arsenic, phosphorus, silane, borane and sulfide; In Mining Metallurgy, it is used to separate molybdenum from copper, remove impurity from zinc and cadmium, and oxidant for compound flotation; also used for special fabric, wax, grease and resin bleaching agent, gas mask adsorbent, wood and copper colorants. Food grade used as bleach, disinfectant, deodorant, water purification agent and beverage with carbon dioxide concentrate. Disinfection antiseptic. used as analytical reagents, redox titrators, Chromatographic Reagents, oxidants and pesticides, and also used in organic synthesis |
| production method | roasting potassium hydroxide melt dehydration, mixed with soft manganese ore powder, after cooling and grinding, at a temperature of 240 ° C., the oxygen in the air is absorbed, and the oxidation roasting is slowly converted into potassium manganate. After leaching with water or dilute solution, the composition of the electrolyte is: Potassium manganate 160~180g/L. Potassium hydroxide (free) 45~60g/L, potassium carbonate <60g/L. Electrolytic end point control potassium manganate in the electrolyte 40~60g/L, potassium hydroxide (free) 90~110g/L, by centrifugal separation to potassium permanganate crude, and then by recrystallization, centrifugal separation, dry to produce potassium permanganate products. The mother liquor after centrifugal separation of 4KOH +2MnO2 + O2 → 2K2MnO4+2H2O2K2MnO4 + 2H2O [electrolysis] → 2KMnO4 + 2KOH + H2 + potassium manganate is recovered by evaporation and potassium hydroxide is recovered by causticization. Liquid phase oxidation potassium hydroxide is preheated, and oxygen-enriched air or air is blown into the above 200 ° C., and the liquid phase oxidation reaction is carried out with the soft manganese ore powder. Manganese dioxide is first oxidized to potassium manganate, and then further oxidized to form potassium manganate. The concentration of potassium hydroxide is controlled in 60% ~ 70%, and the molar ratio of manganese dioxide is (30~60):1. Potassium manganate is separated by sedimentation, potassium hydroxide in the upper layer is recovered, and then crystallized, pressure filtered, dissolved with electrolytic mother liquor, and causticized by adding calcium hydroxide solution, and then the electrolyte is prepared for electrolysis after pressure filtered, the crude potassium permanganate was centrifuged, then recrystallized, centrifuged and dried to obtain the finished potassium permanganate product. 2MnO2 + 6KOH +0.5O2 → 2K3MnO4+3H2O2K3MnO4+0.5O2 + H2O → 2K2MnO4+2KOH2K2MnO4 + 2H2O [electrolysis] → 2KMnO4 + 2KOH + H2 + mother liquor after centrifugal separation, potassium manganate was recovered by evaporation and potassium hydroxide was recovered by causticization. roasting-electrolytic method pyrolusite and potassium hydroxide are mixed into slurry, and the material is injected into the roasting converter with compressed air, Oxidation to potassium manganate at 250-300 °c. The roasting material is leached with dilute alkali solution or washing water, filtered and impurity removed to obtain potassium manganate. 2Mn02 + 4KOH + O2 → 2K2MnO4 + 2H2O will be gradually eliminated due to the difficulty of mass transfer and heat transfer by solid phase method, poor operating environment, huge equipment and high energy consumption. The process of preparing potassium permanganate by electrolytic oxidation of potassium manganate is the same as that of liquid phase method. As a food additive, potassium permanganate needs to be recrystallized to remove heavy metals and arsenic. Liquid phase oxidation-electrolytic method manganese dioxide is oxidized to potassium manganate by mixing soft manganese ore powder (0.074) with a 200 potassium hydroxide solution above 80% °c at 300 °c in a first reactor with air, it is then run to the second reactor for further oxidation to potassium manganate. The reaction solution is hot filtered, washed with 100 KOH solution at 60% ° C., the filter cake is dissolved in dilute alkali solution or washing water, and potassium manganate is obtained after precipitation, separation and impurity removal. Potassium manganate is prepared into an electrolysis starting solution by using the final electrolyte in the system, and the composition is as follows: Potassium manganate ≥ 180g/L; Potassium carbonate <60/L; Potassium hydroxide 50-60g/L. The electrolysis starting solution was fed into an electrolytic cell made of a steel plate at 60 ° C., a nickel plate (or a nickel-plated steel plate) was used for the anode, and an iron bar was used for the cathode. The area ratio of anode to cathode is 1 :( 8~10), the current capacity is 1000A/m3, The anode current density is 60 ~ 100A/m2, the cell voltage is 2.25~2.5V, and the plate distance is 50 ~ 100mm. Potassium manganate is oxidized into potassium permanganate at the anode, and most of the crystals are precipitated. After cooling, the content of potassium permanganate was about 94% by centrifugal separation, and the content of potassium permanganate was 99.3% after recrystallization. 4MnO2 + 12KOH + O2 → 4K3MnO4+6H2O4K3Mn04 + O2 + 2H2O → 4K2MnO4 ↓ +4KOH2K2MnO4 + 2H2O → 2KMn04 + 2KOH + H2 ↑ The Final Solution of the electrolysis is purple-red, manganic acid 300~110g/L, Potassium Hydroxide ~ g/L, and potassium carbonate associated with electrolysis are recovered and utilized respectively by evaporation, and part of the final electrolyte returns to the system to modulate the starting electrolyte. |
| category | oxidant |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-rat LD50: 1090 mg/kg; Subcutaneous-mouse LD50: 500 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | explosive in case of organic matter, reducing agent, sulfur, phosphorus and other combustible materials |
| flammability hazard characteristics | high thermal decomposition of oxygen; Flammable in case of organic matter, reducing agent, sulfur, phosphorus and other flammable substances; toxic manganese-containing compound smoke from combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | warehouse ventilation; Light loading and unloading; And organic matter, reducing agent, separate storage of sulfur and phosphorus combustibles |
| fire extinguishing agent | water and sand mist |
| Occupational Standard | TWA 5 mg (Manganese)/m3; PEL 6 mg (Manganese)/M3 |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 20:44:15
Supplier List
View History
Raw Materials for KALII PERMANGANAS
Downstream Products for KALII PERMANGANAS